Law of optimal incident energy for synthesizing superheavy elements in hot fusion reactions
Long Zhu
Abstract
The superheavy elements (SHE) have the potential to transform and challenge our understanding of atomic and nuclear physics and chemistry. One of the biggest difficulties to synthesize elements beyond Oganesson is the accurate prediction of the optimal incident energies (OIE) for experiments. To this end, I present that an analytical formula could be universally applied in hot fusion reactions for calculating the OIE, based on the striking correlation found between the OIE and Coulomb barrier height of side collision B_{side} as well as Q value. The calculated OIE with my method are in remarkably good agreement with the available experimental data. Results from the time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory also quantitatively confirm the correlation between OIE and B_{side}. The predictions on the OIE for synthesizing Z=119 and 120 elements are shown. This will contribute significantly to the future experiments for synthesizing the SHE as well as the nuclei on the “island of stability”.