Phenotypic expression and clinical outcomes in a South Asian PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy cohort
Hisham Ahamed, Aniketh Vijay Balegadde, Shilpa Menon, Ramesh Menon, Aishwarya Ramachandran, Navin Mathew, K Natarajan, Indu R. Nair, R. Kannan, Meghna Shankar, Oommen K. Mathew, Thong Tien Nguyen, Ravi Gupta, Eric Stawiski, Vedam L. Ramprasad, Somasekar Seshagiri, Sameer Phalke
Abstract
The PRKAG2 syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant phenocopy of sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), characterized by ventricular pre-excitation, progressive conduction system disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. This study describes the phenotype, genotype and clinical outcomes of a South-Asian PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy cohort over a 7-year period. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and cardiac MRI data from 22 individuals with PRKAG2 variants (68% men; mean age 39.5 ± 18.1 years), identified at our HCM centre were studied prospectively. At initial evaluation, all of the patients were in NYHA functional class I or II. The maximum left ventricular wall thickness was 22.9 ± 8.7 mm and left ventricular ejection fraction was 53.4 ± 6.6%. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 19 individuals (86%) at baseline. 17 patients had an WPW pattern (77%). After a mean follow-up period of 7 years, 2 patients had undergone accessory pathway ablation, 8 patients (36%) underwent permanent pacemaker implantation (atrio-ventricular blocks-5; sinus node disease-2), 3 patients developed atrial fibrillation, 11 patients (50%) developed progressive worsening in NYHA functional class, and 6 patients (27%) experienced sudden cardiac death or equivalent. PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy must be considered in patients with HCM and progressive conduction system disease.