Comments and illustrations of the WFUMB CEUS liver guidelines: rare congenital vascular pathology
Kathleen Möller, Theresa Tscheu, Chiara De Molo, Carla Serra, Xin Wu Cui, Yi Dong, Michael Hocke, Adrian Lim, Ehsan Safai Zadeh, Christian Görg, David Srivastava, Stephan Henning, Christian Jenssen, Annalisa Berzigotti, Michael Jung, Christoph F. Dietrich
Abstract
In this overview of vascular changes of the liver, variations in the liver vessels are discussed, in addition to congenital malformations such as Abernethy malformation, patent ductus venosus Arantii and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (OslerWeber-Rendu disease). Particular attention is paid to focal liver lesions, especially focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), but also other solid tumours that develop as a result of altered liver vascularisation. The article focuses on the ultrasonic appearances and changes of the liver, depicted in B-mode sonography, Doppler studies and in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). The clinical manifestations of these conditions associated with other organ systems are also highlighted.