Synthesis of different manganese dioxide nanostructures and studding the enhancement of their electrochemical behavior in zinc – Mno2 rechargeable batteries by doping with copper
Zahraa Hasan Raheem, A. M. A. Al Sammarraie
Abstract
Different crystal forms of MnO2 nanostructures (α, β, γ, and δ) had been successfully synthesized using hydrothermal method with different reaction time, temperature, and reacting materials. Doping the MnO2 crystal structures with small amount of copper was accomplished. The prepared materials were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, EDX to confirm the chemical composition and to measure the crystal size. The doped and undoped MnO2 nanostructures were also applied in zinc-ion rechargeable batteries to study the electrochemical behavior of these nanostructures, and the results showed that samples doped with copper had better electrochmicla behavior and showed higher specific capacity in these batteries, and the highest value (306.8 mAh/g) was for Cu doped γ-MnO2 and it is very close to the theoretical value of the MnO2 (308.3 mA/g).