Modification of Azobenzenes by Cross-Coupling Reactions
Anne Staubitz, Melanie Walther, Waldemar Kipke, Sven Schultzke, Souvik Ghosh
Abstract
Abstract Azobenzenes are among the most extensively used molecular switches for many different applications. The need to tailor them to the required task often requires further functionalization. Cross-coupling reactions are ideally suited for late-stage modifications. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the modification of azobenzene and its derivatives by cross-coupling reactions. 1 Introduction 2 Azobenzenes as Formally Electrophilic Components 2.1 Palladium Catalysis 2.2 Nickel Catalysis 2.3 Copper Catalysis 2.4 Cobalt Catalysis 3 Azobenzenes as Formally Nucleophilic Components 3.1 Palladium Catalysis 3.2 Copper Catalysis 3.3 C–H Activation Reactions 4 Azobenzenes as Ligands in Catalysts 5 Diazocines 5.1 Synthesis 5.2 Cross-Coupling Reactions 6 Conclusion