<scp>AllergoOncology</scp>: Biomarkers and refined classification for research in the allergy and glioma nexus—A joint <scp>EAACI‐EANO</scp> position paper
Michelle C. Turner, Urszula Radzikowska, Denisa Ferastraoaru, Mariona Pascal, Pieter Wesseling, Alexandra McCraw, Claudine Backes, Heather J. Bax, Christoph Bergmann, Rodolfo Bianchini, Luigi Cari, Leticia de las Vecillas, Elena Izquierdo, Frida Lind‐Holm Mogensen, Alessandro Michelucci, Petr V. Nazarov, Simone P. Niclou, Giuseppe Nocentini, Markus Ollert, Matthias Preusser, Nataliya Rohr‐Udilova, Andrea Scafidi, Réka Tóth, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Michael Weller, Uta Jappe, María M. Escribese, Erika Jensen‐Jarolim, Sophia N. Karagiannis, Aurélie Poli
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between allergic diseases and cancer risk or prognosis in AllergoOncology. Some studies suggest an inverse association, but uncertainties remain, including in IgE-mediated diseases and glioma. Allergic disease stems from a Th2-biased immune response to allergens in predisposed atopic individuals. Allergic disorders vary in phenotype, genotype and endotype, affecting their pathophysiology. Beyond clinical manifestation and commonly used clinical markers, there is ongoing research to identify novel biomarkers for allergy diagnosis, monitoring, severity assessment and treatment. Gliomas, the most common and diverse brain tumours, have in parallel undergone changes in classification over time, with specific molecular biomarkers defining glioma subtypes. Gliomas exhibit a complex tumour-immune interphase and distinct immune microenvironment features. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy hold promise for primary brain tumour treatment, but require more specific and effective approaches. Animal studies indicate allergic airway inflammation may delay glioma progression. This collaborative European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) Position Paper summarizes recent advances and emerging biomarkers for refined allergy and adult-type diffuse glioma classification to inform future epidemiological and clinical studies. Future research is needed to enhance our understanding of immune-glioma interactions to ultimately improve patient prognosis and survival.