Formation of hot spots around small primordial black holes
Minxi He, Kazunori Kohri, Kyohei Mukaida, Masaki Yamada
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we investigate the thermalization of Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe, taking into account the interference effect on thermalization of high energy particles, known as Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. Small PBHs with masses ≲ 10 9 g completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). The Hawking radiation emitted from these PBHs heats up the ambient plasma with temperature lower than the Hawking temperature, which results in a non-trivial temperature profile around the PBHs, namely a hot spot surrounding a PBH with a broken power-law tail. We find that the hot spot has a core with a radius much larger than the black hole horizon and its highest temperature is independent of the initial mass of the PBH such as 2 × 10 9 GeV × ( α /0.1) 19/3 , where α generically represents the fine-structure constants. We also briefly discuss the implications of the existence of the hot spot for phenomenology.