From Materials to Systems: Challenges and Solutions for Fast‐Charge/Discharge Na‐Ion Batteries
Bonyoung Ku, Sangbin Park, Sungu Hwang, Sunghyun Lim, Won‐Sub Yoon, Jongsoon Kim
Abstract
ABSTRACT Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a cost‐effective and scalable energy storage solution, particularly suited for grid‐level applications and affordable electric mobility. As the demand for rapid energy delivery grows, enabling fast‐charge/discharge capability in SIBs has become increasingly critical. However, the sluggish Na + transport kinetics and interfacial instability under fast‐charge/discharge conditions remain significant bottlenecks toward commercialization. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of degradation mechanisms and technical breakthroughs for enabling fast‐charge/discharge SIBs, structured across three scales: electrode material, interface, and system. On the material level, we compare the structural properties, ionic transport characteristics, and electrochemical stability of layered oxides, Prussian blue analogs, and polyanionic cathodes, along with recent advances in hard carbon, insertion‐type, alloy‐type, and conversion‐type anodes. At the interface level, we discuss strategies such as functional additives, high‐concentration electrolytes, and solid‐state systems for stabilizing the interfacial layers. System‐level approaches include the analysis of heat‐generation characteristics within the battery, suppression of thermal accumulation, and mitigation of self‐heating reactions. The synergistic integration of these strategies provides a rational roadmap for the practical deployment of high‐performance SIBs. This review highlights the need for multidisciplinary collaboration and advanced diagnostic platforms to realize SIBs as a viable next‐generation energy storage solution.