The need for a standardized whole leg radiograph guideline: The effects of knee flexion, leg rotation, and X-ray beam height
H. Chien Nguyen, Willem Paul Gielis, Nienke van Egmond, Harrie Weinans, Cornelis H. Slump, Ralph J. B. Sakkers, Roel J.H. Custers
Abstract
Introduction: Lower limb malalignment is a major risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and is mainly diagnosed using the Hip Knee Ankle Angle (HKA). Therefore, accurate HKA measurements are indispensable.
Topics & Concepts
Rotation (mathematics)RadiographyMedicineOrthodonticsReproducibilityBeam (structure)Biomedical engineeringNuclear medicineMathematicsSurgeryPhysicsStatisticsOpticsGeometryTotal Knee Arthroplasty OutcomesOsteoarthritis Treatment and MechanismsHip disorders and treatments