Distinctive Cassane Diterpenoids Corroborated Biogenetic Evolutionary Process from <i>Caesalpinia mimosoides</i> with Anti‐renal Fibrosis Activity
Xinxin Zhang, Yan Yin, Yu Zhou, Tianliang Zhu, Miao Wang, Huiyuan Gao
Abstract
Comprehensive Summary Eighteen diterpenoids were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia mimosoides , including four extremely infrequent cassane diterpenes, together with nine new and five known structures. Compounds 7 and 8 represent the first examples of cassane diterpenoids fused with a ketone carbonyl and a ternary oxygen ring at C‐4, respectively. Compounds 9 and 10 possess a rare five‐member ring in cassane diterpenes. Intriguingly, these isolated components are a clue to the fact that there are lower and higher levels in the plant secondary metabolites, demonstrating the evolution of secondary metabolism of C. mimosoides . All the isolated compounds were tested for their anti‐renal fibrosis activity against TGF‐ β 1 induced NRK‐52E cell model. The mRNA levels of fibrosis marker α ‐SMA, E‐cadherin, Collagen I were tested by qRT‐PCR. The data showed compounds 6 and 9 exhibited the best anti‐renal fibrosis activity and provided preliminary structure−activity relationships.