Hypertension and COVID-19: Updates from the era of vaccines and variants
Sowmya Swamy, Christian A. Koch, Fady Hannah‐Shmouni, Ernesto L. Schiffrin, Joanna Kłubo-Gwieździńska, Sriram Gubbi
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Older age, and the presence of certain components of metabolic syndrome, including hypertension have been associated with increased risk for severe disease and death in COVID-19 patients. The role of antihypertensive agents in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has been extensively studied since the onset of the pandemic. This review discusses the potential pathophysiologic interactions between hypertension and COVID-19 and provides an up-to-date information on the implications of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, and vaccines on patients with hypertension.