Risk Factors for Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Large Scale Meta-Analysis
Bing Liu, Ying Yu, Wen Liu, Tuo Deng, Daoman Xiang
Abstract
Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to explore all the potential risk factors for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) based on the published literature. Methods: A comprehensive literature search through the online databases was performed to obtain studies concerning the risk factors of NAION up to June 2020. Pooled unadjusted odds ratios ( OR s) or rate ratios ( RR s) were calculated to evaluate the weight of risk factors. This study was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42018084960. Results: Our meta-analysis included 49 original studies comprising of more than 10 million patients. The following risk factors were proved to be significantly associated with NAION: male gender ( OR = 1.67, 95% CI : 1.50–1.85, P < 0.00001), hypertension ( RR = 1.28, 95% CI : 1.20–1.37, P < 0.00001), hyperlipidemia ( RR = 1.43, 95% CI : 1.26–1.62, P < 0.00001), diabetes mellitus (DM) ( RR = 1.53, 95% CI : 1.36–1.73, P < 0.00001), coronary heart disease (CHD) ( RR = 1.68, 95% CI : 1.24–2.27, P = 0.0008), sleep apnea ( RR = 3.28, 95% CI : 2.08–5.17, P < 0.00001), factor V Leiden heterozygous ( RR = 2.21, 95% CI : 1.19–4.09, P = 0.01), and medication history of cardiovascular drugs. Conclusion: We concluded that the above risk factors were significantly related to NAION. Better understanding of these risk factors in NAION can help the direct therapeutic approaches.