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An explicit construction of the dimension-9 operator basis in the standard model effective field theory

Yi Liao, Xiao-Dong Ma

2020Journal of High Energy Physics81 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

A bstract We investigate systematically dimension-9 operators in the standard model effective field theory which contains only standard model fields and respects its gauge symmetry. With the help of the Hilbert series approach to classifying operators according to their lepton and baryon numbers and their field contents, we construct the basis of operators explicitly. We remove redundant operators by employing various kinematic and algebraic relations including integration by parts, equations of motion, Schouten identities, Dirac matrix and Fierz identities, and Bianchi identities. We confirm counting of independent operators by analyzing their flavor symmetry relations. All operators violate lepton or baryon number or both, and are thus non-Hermitian. Including Hermitian conjugated operators there are $$ {\left.384\right|}_{\Delta B=0}^{\Delta L=\pm 2}+{\left.10\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 2}^{\Delta L=0}+{\left.4\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 1}^{\Delta L=\pm 3}+{\left.236\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 1}^{\Delta L=\mp 1} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>384</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>236</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∓</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> operators without referring to fermion generations, and $$ {\left.44874\right|}_{\Delta B=0}^{\Delta L=\pm 2}+{\left.2862\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 2}^{\Delta L=0}+{\left.486\right|}_{\Delta B=\pm 1}^{\Delta L=\pm 3}+{\left.42234\right|}_{\Delta B=\mp 1}^{\Delta L=\pm 1} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>44874</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>2862</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>486</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mn>42234</mml:mn> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∓</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> operators when three generations of fermions are referred to, where ∆ L, ∆ B denote the net lepton and baryon numbers of the operators. Our result provides a starting point for consistent phenomenological studies associated with dimension-9 operators.

Topics & Concepts

PhysicsStandard Model (mathematical formulation)Operator (biology)Basis (linear algebra)Operator theoryHermitian matrixGauge theoryField (mathematics)Hilbert spaceTheoretical physicsParticle physicsMatrix (chemical analysis)Gamma matricesLeptonSymmetry (geometry)Mathematical physicsSpectral theoremQuantum field theoryEffective field theoryAlgebraic numberBaryonAlgebra over a fieldPure mathematicsIntroduction to gauge theoryPhysics beyond the Standard ModelDirac equationCreation and annihilation operatorsSeries (stratigraphy)Field theory (psychology)Algebraic and Geometric AnalysisBlack Holes and Theoretical PhysicsQuantum and Classical Electrodynamics
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