Engineering biomaterials to 3D-print scaffolds for bone regeneration: practical and theoretical consideration
Mohammad Aftab Alam Ansari, Aleksandra A. Golebiowska, Madhusmita Dash, Prasoon Kumar, Prashant K. Jain, Syam P. Nukavarapu, Seeram Ramakrishna, Himansu Sekhar Nanda
Abstract
three-dimensional printing (3DP) has emerged as a popular manufacturing technique to develop engineered bone grafts. 3DP has been adopted as a versatile tool to design and develop bone grafts that satisfy porosity and mechanical requirements while having the ability to form grafts of varied shapes and sizes to meet the physiological requirements. In addition to providing surfaces for cell attachment and eventual bone formation, these bone grafts also have to provide physical support during the repair process. Hence, the mechanical competence of the 3D-printed scaffold plays a key role in the success of the implant. In this review, we present various recent strategies that have been utilized to design and develop robust biomaterials that can be deployed for 3D-printing bone substitutes. The article also reviews some of the practical, theoretical and biological considerations adopted in the 3D-structure design and development for bone tissue engineering.