Effects of Lifestyle Intervention of Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Offspring Growth Pattern Before Two Years of Age
Jing Li, Jinnan Liu, Cuiping Zhang, Gongshu Liu, Junhong Leng, Leishen Wang, Weiqin Li, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Juliana C.N. Chan, Xilin Yang
Abstract
Our group conducted a population-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Tianjin, China, which tested the effectiveness of intensive care (IC) versus usual care (UC) on adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and found that with IC of GDM during pregnancy a 98-g birth weight reduction and a 34% risk reduction in macrosomia were achieved (1). We further followed offspring born to women enrolled in the RCT from 1 month to 2 years after delivery to test whether IC of GDM during pregnancy modified early-life growth of offspring born to Chinese women with GDM. The study settings, population, and design have been previously described (1). Briefly, a total of 19,847 pregnant women were screened for GDM with a glucose challenge test between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy, and 2,921 women with a glucose challenge test level ≥7.8 mmol/L underwent the standard oral glucose tolerance test. Of them, 1,440 women with GDM were identified based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria (2) and 706 eligible women were randomized to either IC or UC group and completed the trial. The UC included one group diabetes education session at diagnosis of GDM, while the IC included additional two individualized diabetes education sessions at the …