Efeito do grupo operativo no ensino do autocuidado com os pés de diabéticos: ensaio clínico randomizado
João Batista Moreira, Eliene Sousa Muro, Lidiane Aparecida Monteiro, Denise Hollanda Iunes, Bianca Bacelar de Assis, Érika de Cássia Lopes Chaves
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of operative groups on teaching self-care for diabetic foot prevention. METHOD: Controlled, blinded clinical trial with volunteers presenting type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, randomized into treatment (55 subjects) and control (54 subjects) groups. The treatment group received the educational intervention "Teaching foot self-care", whereas the control group was simply evaluated. Feet evaluation was conducted before and after the intervention, as well as 15 days later in a follow-up. The intervention was conducted through an operative group and developed with orientation via writing, explained through dialogue and role-playing. The following tests were used: Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-squared, t-test, Mann-Whitney, McNemar, and paired Wilcoxon. RESULTS: One-hundred and nine volunteers took part in this study. Their sociodemographic variables were homogeneous. In an analysis between groups, an improvement was observed after the educational intervention regarding most variables related to skin annexes, blood flow, foot sensitivity, and foot pressure. Improved scores for risk of diabetic foot in the treatment group were observed. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention through operative group was efficient, for it encouraged self-care and reduced potential risk of diabetic foot. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos): RBR- 753 Kcg.