4D Additive–Subtractive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Ceramics
Guo Liu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xinya Lu, Yan Zhao, Zhifeng Zhou, Jingjun Xu, Jianan Yin, Tao Tang, Peiyu Wang, Shenghui Yi, J. J. Fan, Xueshi Zhuo, Yu Hin Chan, Wui Leung Wong, Haidong Bian, Jun Zuo, Yu Dai, Jian Wu, Jian Lü
Abstract
Abstract The development of high‐temperature structural materials, such as ceramics, is limited by their extremely high melting points and the difficulty in building complicated architectures. Four‐dimensional (4D) printing helps enhance the geometrical flexibility of ceramics. However, ceramic 4D printing systems are limited by the separate processes for shape and material transformations, low accuracy of morphing systems, low resolution of ceramic structures, and their time‐intensive nature. Here, a paradigm for a one‐step shape/material transformation, high‐2D/3D/4D‐precision, high‐efficiency, and scalable 4D additive–subtractive manufacturing of shape memory ceramics is developed. Original/reverse and global/local multimode shape memory capabilities are achieved using macroscale SiOC‐based ceramic materials. The uniformly deposited Al 2 O 3 ‐rich layer on the printed SiOC‐based ceramic lattice structures results in an unusually high flame ablation performance of the complex‐shaped ceramics. The proposed framework is expected to broaden the applications of high‐temperature structural materials in the aerospace, electronics, biomedical, and art fields.