Cell‐Free Synthesis of Selenoproteins in High Yield and Purity for Selective Protein Tagging
Adarshi P. Welegedara, Ansis Maļeckis, Ruchira Bandara, Mithun C. Mahawaththa, Iresha D. Herath, Yi Tan, Angeliki Giannoulis, Daniella Goldfarb, Gottfried Otting, Thomas Huber
Abstract
Abstract The selenol group of selenocysteine is much more nucleophilic than the thiol group of cysteine. Selenocysteine residues in proteins thus offer reactive points for rapid post‐translational modification. Herein, we show that selenoproteins can be expressed in high yield and purity by cell‐free protein synthesis by global substitution of cysteine by selenocysteine. Complete alkylation of solvent‐exposed selenocysteine residues was achieved in 10 minutes with 4‐chloromethylene dipicolinic acid (4Cl‐MDPA) under conditions that left cysteine residues unchanged even after overnight incubation. Gd III −Gd III distances measured by double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiments of maltose binding protein (MBP) containing two selenocysteine residues tagged with 4Cl‐MDPA‐Gd III were indistinguishable from Gd III −Gd III distances measured of MBP containing cysteine reacted with 4Br‐MDPA tags.