The Adverse Impact of Incense Smoke on Human Health: From Mechanisms to Implications
Chiang‐Wen Lee, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Yinshen Wee, Yao‐Chang Chiang, Miao‐Ching Chi, Minli Chen, Lee‐Fen Hsu, Mei-Ling Fang, Kuan‐Han Lee, Su‐Er Guo, Johnson Hsin-Chung Cheng, I‐Ta Lee
Abstract
Incense burning is a very popular activity in daily life among many parts all over the world. A growing body of both epidemiological and experimental evidences has reported the negative effects of incense use on human well-being, posing a potential threat at public significance. This work is a comprehensive review that covers the latest findings regarding the adverse impact of incense smoke on our health, providing a panoramic visualization ranging from mechanisms to implications. The toxicities of incense smoke come directly from its harmful constituents and deposition capacity in the body. Besides, reactive oxygen species-driven oxidative stress and associated inflammation seem to be plausible underlying mechanisms, eliciting various unfavorable responses. Although our current knowledge remains many gaps, this issue still has some important implications.