Association of remnant cholesterol with intracranial atherosclerosis in community-based population: The ARIC study
Peng Zhang, Ziheng Zhang, Daojing Li, Rongrong Han, Hongfang Li, Jinfeng Ma, Peng Xu, Ziyou Qi, Lixia Liu, Aimei Zhang
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) and intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS). METHODS: We studied 1,564 participants with data on lipid profiles and high-resolution vessel wall MRI (VWMRI) from the ARIC-NCS. Remnant-C was computed as total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The primary outcomes were the presence of intracranial plaques and luminal stenosis. Contributors were separated into four different groups based on remnant-C (22 mg/dL) and LDL-C (100 mg/dL) levels to investigate the function of remnant-C vs. LDL-C on ICAD. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the correlation among the discordant/concordant remnant-C and LDL-C, and ICAD. RESULTS: A total of 1,564 participants were included (age 76.2 ± 5.3). After multivariable adjustment, log remnant-C was correlated with greater ICAD risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.83]. The lower remnant-C/higher LDL-C group and the higher remnant-C/lower LDL-C group manifested a 1.53-fold (95% CI 1.06 to 2.20) and 1.52-fold (95% CI 1.08 to 2.14) greater risk of ICAD, relative to those having lower remnant-C/low LDL-C. Additionally, remnant-C ≥ 22 mg/dL distinguished participants at a greater risk of the presence of any stenosis compared to those at lower levels, even in participants with optimal levels of LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of remnant-C were connected to ICAD independent of LDL-C and traditional risk factors. The mechanisms of remnant-C association with ICAD probably offer insight into preventive risk-factor of ischemic stroke.