Impact of entropy optimized Darcy‐Forchheimer flow in MnZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NiZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> hybrid nanofluid towards a curved surface
Faqir Shah, Sohail A. Khan, Kamel Al‐Khaled, M. Ijaz Khan, Sami Ullah Khan, Nehad Ali Shah, Rifaqat Ali
Abstract
Abstract The theme of this article is to scrutinize the entropy analysis for Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanoliquid towards a stretched curved surface. Manganese and nickel ( and ) zinc ferrites are taken as nanoparticles. Here engine oil () is used as base liquid. Dissipation and radiation effects in energy equation are incorporated. The basic modeling of entropy analysis is developed through second law of thermodynamics. The governing nonlinear partial system (PDEs) of the flow are converted to ordinary one (ODEs) through utilizing suitable variable. The resultant system is consequently solved through one of numerical method (ND‐solve method). Graphical illustrations of velocity field, thermal field and entropy rate versus dimensionless variables for both manganese and nickel zinc ferrites/engine oil nanoparticles are discussed. Computational results of Nusselt number and drag force for both and nanoparticles against flow parameters are studied in tabulated form. A reverse trend holds for velocity through curvature and porosity variables. Higher Forchheimer number diminishes the velocity profile. Larger approximation of radiation has similar effect on thermal field and entropy rate. Higher volume fraction enhances the entropy rate and velocity profile. An intensification in porosity variables rises entropy rate. An increment in drag force is noticed for volume fraction. Higher curvature variable improves the heat transfer rate.