Integrating bacteria and fibres for self-healing concrete: a comprehensive review of synergistic effects
S Sowmya, Rama Mohan Rao Pannem
Abstract
Concrete is the most often used building material; yet cracking reduces its mechanical performance, service life, and overall durability. The integration of fiber improves toughness while bacteria promote self-healing. This study examines the synergistic effects of bacteria and fibers on improving the self-healing capabilities, mechanical strength, and durability of concrete. This research investigates the impact of different bacterial strains and fiber types on the improvement of fracture closure and material characteristics. A thorough investigation was performed on the studies involving Bacillus subtilis and Sporosarcina pasteurii , concentrating on their interactions with polypropylene, glass, steel, and natural fibers at different cell concentrations. The evaluation of hybrid fiber-bacteria concrete systems included the quantification of flexural strength, fracture healing efficacy, permeability diminution, and bacterial viability rates. Fibers function to limit fracture breadth while concurrently promoting bacterial activity, therefore aiding calcite precipitation and supporting the healing process. The attributes of fiber type, dose, and orientation significantly affect the healing process. Optimal bacterial concentrations improve durability and enable structural restoration, but poor circumstances reduce bacterial viability and hinder uniform healing. The integration of bacteria and fibers offers a viable approach for creating intelligent, self-repairing concrete, expected to show improved mechanical and functional characteristics. Synergetic effect shows tensile gains by 26–45 % and the cell concentration of 10 5 – 10 7 cells/ml has effective in healing and strength gain. The issues of standardization, cost-effectiveness, and scalability continue to be prominent in the ongoing discussion. Analysis for the long-term field efficacy, material compatibility, and sustainable infrastructure of bio-fiber systems.