Synergistic action of propolis with levodopa in the management of Parkinsonism in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, Josephine Kasolo, Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Ejike Daniel Eze, Abass Alao Safiriyu, Herbert Izo Ninsiima, Kennedy Kiyimba, Jackline Namulema, Edward Jjesero, Fred Ssempijja, Ibrahim Semuyaba, Daniel Chans Mwandah, Kyobe Ronald Kimanje, Muhamudu Kalange, Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi, Miriam Nansunga
Abstract
Background The Phosphatase and tensin-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1B9) mutant for Drosophila melanogaster is a key tool that has been used in assessing the pathology of Parkinsonism and its possible remedy. This research was targeted toward determining the effects of ethanolic extract of propolis, with levodopa therapy in the management of Parkinsonism. Method The PINK1B9 flies were divided into groups and fed with the different treatment doses of ethanoic extract of propolis. The treatment groups were subjected to 21 days of administration of propolis and the levodopa at different doses after which percentage climbing index, antioxidant activity and lifespan studies were done. Results Propolis alone improved motor activity, antioxidant and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster than in PINK1 flies. Propolis in combination with levodopa significantly (P<0.05) improved physiological parameters at higher than lower concentrations in Parkinsonism Drosophila melanogaster demonstrating its importance in managing side effects associated with levodopa. Conclusion Propolis is a novel candidate as an alternative and integrative medicinal option to use in the management of Parkinsonism in both animals and humans at higher concentrations.