Recent progresses on SnO <sub>2</sub> anode materials for sodium storage
Fang Li, Quanhui Liu, Jiawen Hu, Junliang Yang, Jianmin Ma
Abstract
Abstract SnO 2 is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries based on the alloy reaction due to its low reaction potential and high theoretical capacity (667 mA h g −1 ). However, SnO 2 anodes will experience large volume change during sodiation/desodiation process, leading to fast capacity fading. In addition, SnO 2 anode also shows relatively low conductivity, resulting in inferior rate capability, which both impeded its large-scale application. Many strategies have been made to improve the electrochemical performance of SnO 2 anode, including synthesizing ultrafine nanostructures, combining with conductive materials, constructing heterostructures with other semiconducting materials, and others. In this review, we first briefly discuss the electrochemical mechanism of SnO 2 with sodium ions. Then we systematically summarize the strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of SnO 2 anode materials. Finally, we present the future suggestions and prospective of SnO 2 as anode for sodium-ion batteries.