The world must prepare now for the next pandemic
Thomas R. Frieden, Marine Buissonnière, Amanda McClelland
Abstract
### Summary box The COVID-19 pandemic killed 2 million people worldwide in 2020 and cost an estimated US$20 trillion1; the world failed this test of preparedness and response.2 It remains to be determined whether the world will do better next time—because it is inevitable that there will be a next time. Unless countries act now to establish a route to readiness, the world will miss this opportunity to greatly reduce future health risks. Progress will require not only more and sustained leadership and funding from governments but also better technical capacity and improved operational excellence in public health systems across the globe. Strengthening our global health architecture will require country commitment and effective governance, effective use of increased financing, robust technical support, and the support of strong and accountable global leadership. Closing gaps in epidemic preparedness in low-income and middle-income countries alone will cost at least US$5–US$10 billion3 and possibly as much as US$35–US$40 billion per year for the next decade.4 Funds are …