Cross‐sectional association of metrics derived from continuous glucose monitoring with cognitive performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Taiki Sugimoto, Haruhiko Tokuda, Hisayuki Miura, Shuji Kawashima, Takafumi Ando, Yujiro Kuroda, Nanae Matsumoto, Kosuke Fujita, Kazuaki Uchida, Yoshinobu Kishino, Takashi Sakurai
Abstract
AIM: To examine the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics and cognitive performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 outpatients with T2D aged 70 years or older were analysed. Participants underwent CGM for 14 days. As CGM-derived metrics, mean sensor glucose (SG), glucose coefficient of variation (CV), time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dl), time above range (TAR; > 180 mg/dl) and time below range (TBR; < 70 mg/dl), were calculated. Participants underwent cognitive tests, including the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J), a delayed word-recall test from the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, a digit symbol substitution test, a letter word fluency test, a trail-making test (TMT) and digit span test (DSP). RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders, a higher mean SG was associated with a lower performance in MoCA-J and TMT part B (TMT-B) (P < .05). A higher TAR was associated with a lower performance in TMT-B and DSP-backward (P < .05). By contrast, a higher TIR was associated with better function in TMT-B and DSP-backward (P < .05). Furthermore, CV and TBR were not associated with any cognitive function. CONCLUSION: Hyperglycaemia metrics and TIR derived from CGM are associated with cognitive functions, especially with executive function and working memory, in older adults with T2D.