Nanoencapsulation of poorly soluble sea-buckthorn pulp oil in bile salt-origin vesicles: Physicochemical characterization and colloidal stability
Ewelina Waglewska, Tomasz Misiaszek, Urszula Bazylińska
Abstract
Sea-buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) pulp oil (SBPO), as a rich source of bioactive components (including fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols, carotenoids, or flavonoids), has found wide application in the cosmetic, food, and medical markets. Despite its many advantages, poor water solubility and chemical instability limit its applicability, so colloidal vesicle systems are emerging as an essential strategy for improving oil health properties. For this reason, this work aimed to conduct the encapsulation process of sea-buckthorn oil in a bile salt-based system and assessment of their physicochemical properties. Nanobilosomal encapsulation was carried out using different oil concentrations by thin lipid film hydration, followed by ultrasonic homogenization methods. The resulting formulations were assessed by dynamic light scattering (size), electrophoretic light scattering (charge), transmission electron as well as atomic force microscopy (morphology), and multiple light scattering (kinetic stability). To gain further insight into the analysis of bilosome-oil interactions, we performed an experimental study by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In conclusion, the present work offers a reliable method to prepare highly stable bilosome-SBPO delivery systems with nanoscopic (< 120 nm) sizes for future food and cosmetics applications.