Energy-Storage Modeling: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions
Ramteen Sioshansi, Paul Denholm, Juan Arteaga, Sarah Awara, Shubhrajit Bhattacharjee, Audun Botterud, Wesley Cole, Andrés Cortés, Anderson Rodrigo de Queiroz, Joseph F. DeCarolis, Zhenhuan Ding, Nicholas DiOrio, Yury Dvorkin, Udi Helman, Jeremiah X. Johnson, Ioannis Konstantelos, Trieu Mai, Hrvoje Pandžić, Daniel Sodano, Gord Stephen, A.J. Svoboda, Hamidreza Zareipour, Ziang Zhang
Abstract
Given its physical characteristics and the range of services that it can provide, energy storage raises unique modeling challenges. This paper summarizes capabilities that operational, planning, and resource-adequacy models that include energy storage should have and surveys gaps in extant models. Existing models that represent energy storage differ in fidelity of representing the balance of the power system and energy-storage applications. Modeling results are sensitive to these differences. The importance of capturing chronology can raise challenges in energy-storage modeling. Some models ‘decouple’ individual operating periods from one another, allowing for natural decomposition and rendering the models relatively computationally tractable. Energy storage complicates such a modeling approach. Improving the representation of the balance of the system can have major effects in capturing energy-storage costs and benefits.