Technological Pathways to Produce Compressed and Highly Pure Hydrogen from Solar Power
Mariya Ivanova, Ralf Peters, Martin Müller, Stefan Haas, Martin Florian Seidler, Gerd Mutschke, Kerstin Eckert, Philipp Röse, Sonya Calnan, Rory Bagacki, Rutger Schlatmann, Cedric Grosselindemann, Laura‐Alena Schäfer, Norbert H. Menzler, André Weber, Roel van de Krol, Feng Liang, Fatwa F. Abdi, Stefan Brendelberger, Nicole Neumann, Johannes Grobbel, Martin Roeb, Christian Sattler, Inés Durán, Benjamin Dietrich, Christoph Hofberger, Leonid Stoppel, Neele Uhlenbruck, Thomas Wetzel, D. Rauner, Ante Hećimović, U. Fantz, Nadiia Kulyk, Jens Harting, Olivier Guillon
Abstract
Abstract Hydrogen (H 2 ) produced from renewables will have a growing impact on the global energy dynamics towards sustainable and carbon‐neutral standards. The share of green H 2 is still too low to meet the net‐zero target, while the demand for high‐quality hydrogen continues to rise. These factors amplify the need for economically viable H 2 generation technologies. The present article aims at evaluating the existing technologies for high‐quality H 2 production based on solar energy. Technologies such as water electrolysis, photoelectrochemical and solar thermochemical water splitting, liquid metal reactors and plasma conversion utilize solar power directly or indirectly (as carbon‐neutral electrons) and are reviewed from the perspective of their current development level, technical limitations and future potential.