Hybrid sensor integration in wearable devices for improved cardiovascular health monitoring
Bangul Khan, Wasimullah Khan, M. Abul Masrur, Rana Talha Khalid, Muhammad Awais, Bilawal Khan, Bee Luan Khoo, Saad Abdullah
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, underscoring the urgent need for advanced, non-invasive monitoring technologies. This review explores the integration of hybrid magnetic and optical sensors in wearable devices aimed at transforming cardiovascular health monitoring. Magnetic sensors, known for their strong signal capture and resistance to ambient light interference, complement optical sensors like photoplethysmography (PPG), which provide vital hemodynamic data, including blood volume changes and pulse rates. Combining these technologies improves monitoring systems' overall signal integrity, accuracy, and reliability. We critically evaluate current integration strategies, highlighting advanced multi-sensor data fusion techniques that enhance temporal resolution and enrich physiological data interpretation . Additionally, this review addresses the challenges in developing hybrid sensor systems , such as calibration accuracy, real-time data analytics, power optimization, and user-friendly design. Looking forward, we propose research directions focused on refining sensor integration frameworks to enable early detection and personalized management of CVDs. The synergy between magnetic and optical sensors significantly advances next-generation wearable diagnostics, greatly improving patient care and health outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the transformative potential of hybrid sensor technology in cardiovascular monitoring .