Exploring the Biogenic Transformation Mechanism of Polyphenols by <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> NCU137 Fermentation and Its Enhancement of Antioxidant Properties in Wolfberry Juice
Shuai Liu, Yuxin He, Weiwei He, Xiaoxiao Song, Yujia Peng, Xiaoyi Hu, Shuigen Bian, Yuhao Li, Shaoping Nie, Junyi Yin, Mingyong Xie
Abstract
NCU137. Results indicated that fermentation significantly increased the free polyphenols content and released bound polyphenols, enhancing the antioxidant activity. Analysis showed that there were 19 free polyphenols, mainly scopoletin, pyrogallol, and dihydroferulic acid, and 16 bound polyphenols, especially p-coumaric acid, feruloyl hexoside, and caffeic acid. A significant correlation was observed between the generation and degradation of polyphenols, and specific bound polyphenols peaked during the 24-48 h fermentation. Furthermore, reduced surface roughness and galacturonic acid content in wolfberry residue, along with increased pectinase activity, suggested substantial pectin degradation in the cell wall, which may be associated with the release of polyphenols, due to pectin serving as carriers for bound polyphenols. The fermentation also increased polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity, contributing to polyphenol breakdown. These findings provide insights for improving wolfberry juice production.