Lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with clinically relevant depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms
Liliana Vartolomei, Andrei Cotruş, Octavian Sabin Tătaru, Mihai Dorin Vartolomei, Adrian Man, Matteo Ferro, Camelia Stanciu, Anca Ileana Sin, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), erectile dysfunction (ED), and testosterone deficiency (TD) with depressive, stress, and anxiety symptoms.Material and methods From October 2019 to March 2020, 113 males were included. Inclusion criteria: age 40–75, no clinical suspicion of prostate cancer, no serious cardiovascular comorbidities. All patients completed a set of questionnaires: International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21).Results Median age was 62 years (range 40–74), mean IPSS score was 10.94 (SD 7.75), mean IIEF-5 score 13.12 (SD 7.08), and mean DASS-21 score 11.35 (SD 8.24). According to DASS-21 subscales, 28 (24.8%) patients had depressive symptoms, 25 (22.1%) anxiety symptoms, and 25 (22.1%) stress symptoms. Depression was associated with LUTS (14.5 vs. 8 score, p = .002). Similarly, stress symptoms were associated with LUTS (IPSS 15 vs. 7 score, p = .0001) and with ED (IIEF-5 5 vs. 15 score, p = .01). Positive Spearman's rho correlations between LUTS and all three, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were found (p values <.001).Conclusions LUTS is associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Screening for these symptoms could help with individual counseling and management.