Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, vitamin D level, and their association among elderly women in a rural community of West Bengal, India
Joyeta Ghosh, Debnath Chaudhuri, Indranil Saha, AditiNag Chaudhuri
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) status as well as their association among rural elderly women of West Bengal, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly women residing at Amdanga Block, North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal, India, from April 2014 to August 2018. A total of 236 randomly selected rural elderly women aged between 60 and 70 years of age were included. Serum 25(OH)D, blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TGs), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using standard procedures. MS was defined as per the International Diabetes Federation, 2005 (for Asian-Indians) criteria. Statistical tests were done using SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (VDD)/Vitamin D insufficiency was 53.5%. The prevalence of MS was 34%. Of all the studied elderly having MS, 23.2% and 34% were Vitamin D insufficient and deficient, respectively. Among the studied women, 18.3% and 45% with WC ≤80 cm; 21.4% and 42.9% with FBG >100 mg/dl; 22.8% and 33.7% with TG ≥150 mg/dl; 22.1% and 31.1% with HDL-C <50 mg/dl; and 22% and 34.2% with BP ≥130/85 mm of Hg had Vitamin D insufficiency and VDD, respectively. Significant statistical association was found between WC (P = 0.003) and MS (P = 0.008) with serum 25(OH)D status using Chi-square test (P = 0.01). Significant negative correlation existed between WC, MS, and serum 25(OH)D level. MS itself found to predict the serum 25(OH)D level significantly. Conclusion: 25(OH)D had significant inverse and direct relationship with MS and WC. Low 25(OH)D may be one of the potential risk factors for developing MS in elderly women or vice versa.