White Paper: Bridging the gap between surveillance data and antimicrobial stewardship in the outpatient sector—practical guidance from the JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks
Fabiana Arieti, Siri Göpel, Marcella Sibani, Elena Carrara, Maria Diletta Pezzani, Rita Murri, Nico T. Mutters, Lorena López‐Cerero, Andreas Voß, Roberto Cauda, Evelina Tacconelli, the ARCH working group, Ayôla Akim Adégnika, Fabiana Arieti, Nithya Rajendran, Julia Bielicki, Steffen Borrmann, Elena Carrara, Roberto Cauda, Monica Compri, Giulia De Angelis, Raquel Duro, Liliana Galia, Petra Gastmeier, Christian G. Giske, Siri Göpel, Herman Goossens, Gunnar Kahlmeter, Souha S. Kanj, Tomislav Kostyanev, Leonard Leibovici, Jean‐Christophe Lucet, Lorena López‐Cerero, Rodolphe Mader, Fulvia Mazzaferri, Elena Mazzolini, Marc Mendelson, Rita Murri, Nico T. Mutters, Mical Paul, Maria Diletta Pezzani, Elisabeth Presterl, Hanna R enk, Oana Săndulescu, Le Huu Song, Remco Schrijver, Luigia Scudeller, Mike Sharland, Marcella Sibani, Evelina Tacconelli, Didem Törümküney, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Andreas Voß
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks have joined efforts to formulate a set of target actions to link the surveillance of antimicrobial usage (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activities in four different settings. This White Paper focuses on the veterinary setting and embraces the One Health approach. METHODS: A review of the literature was carried out addressing research questions in three areas: AMS leadership and accountability; AMU surveillance and AMS; and AMR surveillance and AMS. Consensus on target actions was reached through a RAND-modified Delphi process involving over 40 experts in infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, AMS, veterinary medicine and public health, from 18 countries. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: Forty-six target actions were developed and qualified as essential or desirable. Essential actions included the setup of AMS teams in all veterinary settings, building government-supported AMS programmes and following specific requirements on the production, collection and communication of AMU and AMR data. Activities of AMS teams should be tailored to the local situation and capacities, and be linked to local or national surveillance systems and infection control programmes. Several research priorities were also identified, such as the need to develop more clinical breakpoints in veterinary medicine. CONCLUSIONS: This White Paper offers a practical tool to veterinary practitioners and policy makers to improve AMS in the One Health approach, thanks to surveillance data generated in the veterinary setting. This work may also be useful to medical doctors wishing to better understand the specificities of the veterinary setting and facilitate cross-sectoral collaborations.