Concentrations of Interleukin-1ß in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva – a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker of Periodontal Diseases

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial challenge in periodontal diseases activates both local and systemic immune responses of a macroorganism by increasing multiple proinflammatory factors that can be discovered in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and in saliva. We tested the hypothesis that IL-1β concentration in GCF and saliva correlates with periodontal health and diseases.  Materials and methods: The study included 62 people (mean age 36±14 yrs), divided into three groups – patients with periodontitis (24 people), patients with gingivitis (19 people) and periodontally healthy people (19 people). Saliva and GCF samples were taken from all participants and the levels of IL-1β in all samples were determined by ELISA. Results: IL-1β concentrations in GCF of healthy individuals were significantly lower than the IL-1β concentration in GCF of patients with gingivitis (p=0.009) and with periodontitis (p<0.0001). The IL-1β concentrations in the saliva of healthy individuals were significantly lower than the IL-1β concentrations in the saliva of pa-tients with gingivitis (p=0.002) and patients with periodontitis (p=0.025). Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, IL-1β concentrations in GCF and saliva may be proposed as additional diagnostic criteria of inflammation in periodontal tissues, both at initial diagnosis and at diagnosis of recurrence of periodontitis, but further studies are needed to verify them as markers of periodontal diseases.

Topics & Concepts