Real-time monitoring for the next core-collapse supernova in JUNO
A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, Thomas Adam, S. Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, S. Aiello, Muhammad Akram, Abid Aleem, Fengpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Н. Анфимов, V. Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Burin Asavapibhop, J. P. A. M. de André, Didier Auguste, Weidong Bai, Nikita Balashov, W. Baldini, Andrea Barresi, D. Basilico, E. Baussan, M. Bellato, Marco Beretta, Antonio Bergnoli, D. Bick, Lukas Bieger, S. Biktemerova, Thilo Birkenfeld, I. Morton-Blake, David Blum, S.C. Blyth, Anastasia Bolshakova, M. Bongrand, Clément Bordereau, D. Breton, A. Brigatti, R. Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, A. Budano, José Busto, J. Busenitz, Barbara Caccianiga, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, Stéphane Callier, Antonio Cammi, Agustín Campeny, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, R. Caruso, C. Cerna, Vanessa Cerrone, Chi Hou Chan, J. F. Chang, Yun Sil Chang, Auttakit Chatrabhuti, Chao Chen, Guo-Ming Chen, Pingping Chen, Shaomin Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Zhangming Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Zikang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Yu Cheng, A. Chepurnov, Alexey Chetverikov, D. Chiesa, P. Chimenti, Yen-Ting Chin, Ziliang Chu, A. Chukanov, Gérard Claverie, Catia Clementi, Barbara Clerbaux, Marta Colomer Molla, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Alberto Coppi, Daniele Corti, Simon Csakli, F. Dal Corso, Olivia Dalager, Jaydeep Datta, C. De La Taille, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Deng, Xiaoyu Ding, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, Bayu Dirgantara, Carsten Dittrich, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Tadeáš Dohnal
Abstract
Abstract The core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is considered one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the supernova (SN) burst presents a unique opportunity for multi-messenger observations of CCSN events. In this study, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector currently under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed to ensure both prompt alert speed and comprehensive coverage of progenitor stars. It incorporates prompt monitors on the electronic board as well as online monitors at the data acquisition stage. Assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system exhibits sensitivity to pre-SN neutrinos up to a distance of approximately 1.6 (0.9) kiloparsecs and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kiloparsecs for a progenitor mass of 30 solar masses, considering both normal and inverted mass ordering scenarios. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by analyzing the accumulated event anisotropy of inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos. This, along with the early alert, can play a crucial role in facilitating follow-up multi-messenger observations of the next galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.