Controllable Growth of Crystal Facets Enables Superb Cycling Stability of Anode Material for Potassium Ion Batteries
Lu Wang, Yi Li, Bin Wang, Zhongxin Jing, Ming Chen, Yanjun Zhai, Zhen Kong, Sikandar Iqbal, Suyuan Zeng, Xiuping Sun, Yanpeng Chen, Jianmin Dou, Liqiang Xu
Abstract
Abstract To enrich the crystal growth strategies for the booming applications concerning lattice structure, a preferred facet‐growth method is proposed for solvothermal synthesis of target (BiO) 2 CO 3 in the two‐phase system. The dominant crystal phase can be regulated from α‐Fe 2 O 3 to (BiO) 2 CO 3 by properly increasing dosage of Bi feedstock, and the optimized composite is composed of (BiO) 2 CO 3 nanocrystal (≈10 nm) and amorphous iron oxide (defined as “FOB‐50”). Based on experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations, the highly matched lattice between (006)/(0012) facets of α‐Fe 2 O 3 and {010} facet group of (BiO) 2 CO 3 involving orientation of Fe─O─Fe bond and Bi─O─Bi bond is verified to facilitate the interaction between the above facets, resulting in preferred growth of {010} dominated by (040) facet in (BiO) 2 CO 3 and its composites. The structural merits can not only enable the FOB‐50‐based electrodes to achieve a high capacity and unprecedentedly stable cyclic performances for 1500 cycles/a long time‐span of 32 months as anode materials, but also ensure the full‐cell to well inherit the electrochemical features of the cathode in potassium ion batteries (PIBs). This work can provide new insight into lattice regulation for bismuth‐based materials and expand their application as electrodes for high performance PIBs and lithium ion batteries.