Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications: a critical review
Hanieh Shokrani, Amirhossein Shokrani, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi, Farzad Seidi, Maryam Jouyandeh, Payam Zarrintaj, Saptarshi Kar, Seok‐Jhin Kim, Tairong Kuang, Navid Rabiee, Alexander Hejna, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Seeram Ramakrishna
Abstract
, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy, are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. Since this field is at an early stage of maturity, some other aspects such as bioimaging and biosensing are reviewed in order to give an idea of potential applications of NPSA for future developments, providing support for clinical applications. It is well-documented that using nanoparticles/nanomaterials above a critical concentration brings about concerns of toxicity; thus, their effect on cellular interactions would become critical. We compared nanoparticles used in the fabrication of NPSA in terms of toxicity mechanism to shed more light on future challenging aspects of NPSA development. Indeed, the neutralization mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials, which are expected to be induced by PSA introduction, should be taken into account for future investigations.