Atmospheric Characterization of the Super-Jupiter HIP 99770 b with KPIC
Yapeng Zhang, Jerry W. Xuan, Dimitri Mawet, Jason Wang, Chih-Chun Hsu, Jean-Bapiste Ruffio, Heather A. Knutson, Julie Inglis, Geoffrey A. Blake, Yayaati Chachan, Katelyn Horstman, Ashley Baker, Randall Bartos, Benjamin Calvin, Sylvain Cetre, Jacques-Robert Delorme, Greg Doppmann, Daniel Echeverri, Luke Finnerty, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Nemanja Jovanović, Joshua Liberman, Ronald López, Evan Morris, Jacklyn Pezzato, Ben Sappey, Tobias Schofield, Andrew Skemer, J. Kent Wallace, Ji Wang, Clarissa R. Do Ó
Abstract
Abstract Young, self-luminous super-Jovian companions discovered by direct imaging provide a challenging test for planet formation and evolution theories. By spectroscopically characterizing the atmospheric compositions of these super-Jupiters, we can constrain their formation histories. Here we present studies of the recently discovered HIP 99770 b, a 16 M Jup high-contrast companion on a 17 au orbit, using the fiber-fed high-resolution spectrograph KPIC ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi class="MJX-tex-calligraphic" mathvariant="script">R</mml:mi> </mml:math> ∼ 35,000) on the Keck II telescope. Our K -band observations led to detections of H 2 O and CO in the atmosphere of HIP 99770 b. We carried out free retrieval analyses using petitRADTRANS to measure its chemical abundances, including the metallicity and C/O ratio, projected rotation velocity ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mi>sin</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:math> ), and radial velocity (RV). We found that the companion’s atmosphere has C/O <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.55</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.06</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and [M/H] <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.26</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.23</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.24</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> (1 σ confidence intervals), values consistent with those of the Sun and with a companion formation via gravitational instability or core accretion. The projected rotation velocity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mi>sin</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>7.8</mml:mn> </mml:math> km s −1 is small relative to other directly imaged companions with similar masses and ages. This may imply a nearly pole-on orientation or effective magnetic braking by a circumplanetary disk. In addition, we added the companion-to-primary relative RV measurement to the orbital fitting and obtained updated constraints on orbital parameters. Detailed characterization of super-Jovian companions within 20 au like HIP 99770 b is critical for understanding the formation histories of this population.