Anatomical Engineering and 3D Printing for Surgery and Medical Devices: International Review and Future Exponential Innovations
José Cornejo, Jorge Cornejo, Mariela Vargas, Carlos G. Helguero, Rafhael M. Andrade, Sebastián Torres, Javier Asensio-Salazar, Álvaro Rivero Calle, Jaime L. Martínez Santos, Aaron Damon, Alfredo Quiñones‐Hinojosa, Miguel Quintero‐Consuegra, Juan P. Umaña, Sebastian Gallo‐Bernal, Manolo Briceño-Alvarado, Paolo Tripodi, Raul Sebastian, Paul Perales-Villarroel, Gabriel De la Cruz Ku, Travis J. McKenzie, Victor Sebastian Arruarana, Jiakai Ji, Laura Zuluaga, Daniela A. Haehn, Albit R. Paoli, Jordan C. Villa, Roxana Martinez, Cristians González, Rafael J. Grossmann, Gabriel Escalona, Ilaria Cinelli, Thaís Russomano
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has recently gained importance in the medical industry, especially in surgical specialties. It uses different techniques and materials based on patients' needs, which allows bioprofessionals to design and develop unique pieces using medical imaging provided by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, the Department of Biology and Medicine and the Department of Physics and Engineering, at the Bioastronautics and Space Mechatronics Research Group, have managed and supervised an international cooperation study, in order to present a general review of the innovative surgical applications, focused on anatomical systems, such as the nervous and craniofacial system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and musculoskeletal system. Finally, the integration with augmented, mixed, virtual reality is analyzed to show the advantages of personalized treatments, taking into account the improvements for preoperative, intraoperative planning, and medical training. Also, this article explores the creation of devices and tools for space surgery to get better outcomes under changing gravity conditions.