Advancing the circular economy through the thermochemical conversion of waste to biochar: a review on sawdust waste-derived fuel
Ebuka Chizitere Emenike, Kingsley O. Iwuozor, Joshua O. Ighalo, Joy O. Bamigbola, Ebenezer O. Omonayin, Happiness T. Ojo, Joy Adeleke, Adewale George Adeniyi
Abstract
Biochar is a solid material that contains a lot of carbon and is created by heating biomass in an environment where there is little or no oxygen. It has become clear that biochar holds great promise for combating climate change, enhancing soil fertility, eliminating pollutants, and promoting effective waste disposal. In particular, sawdust biochar produced via thermochemical processes has drawn a lot of attention because of its affordability and abundant availability. This review paper presents a general summary of the production of sawdust biochar via thermochemical processes, including pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction, and gasification. It was observed that the specific yields and performance of these methods vary depending on the feedstock source, process parameters, and equipment used. Additionally, the properties of biochar, such as carbon content, surface area, and stability, also vary depending on the production method. The effects of operating factors on the sawdust-biochar production processes, such as temperature, heating rate, and residence duration, are also covered in the study. While challenges exist, ongoing research aims to improve biochar properties and applications, making it a valuable tool for climate-smart agriculture and sustainable land management.