A Heart‐Breast Cancer‐on‐a‐Chip Platform for Disease Modeling and Monitoring of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy
Junmin Lee, Shreya Mehrotra, Elaheh Zare‐Eelanjegh, Raquel O. Rodrigues, Alireza Akbarinejad, David H. Ge, L. Amato, Kiavash Kiaee, Yongcong Fang, Aliza Rosenkranz, Wendy Keung, Biman B. Mandal, Ronald A. Li, Ting Zhang, HeaYeon Lee, Mehmet R. Dokmeci, Yu Shrike Zhang, Ali Khademhosseini, Su Ryon Shin
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the most serious side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Current approaches to monitoring of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) as well as model systems that develop in vivo or in vitro CIC platforms fail to notice early signs of CIC. Moreover, breast cancer (BC) patients with preexisting cardiac dysfunctions may lead to different incident levels of CIC. Here, a model is presented for investigating CIC where not only induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiac tissues are interacted with BC tissues on a dual-organ platform, but electrochemical immuno-aptasensors can also monitor cell-secreted multiple biomarkers. Fibrotic stages of iPSC-derived cardiac tissues are promoted with a supplement of transforming growth factor-β 1 to assess the differential functionality in healthy and fibrotic cardiac tissues after treatment with doxorubicin (DOX). The production trend of biomarkers evaluated by using the immuno-aptasensors well-matches the outcomes from conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, demonstrating the accuracy of the authors' sensing platform with much higher sensitivity and lower detection limits for early monitoring of CIC and BC progression. Furthermore, the versatility of this platform is demonstrated by applying a nanoparticle-based DOX-delivery system. The proposed platform would potentially help allow early detection and prediction of CIC in individual patients in the future.