Cu(I)‐anchored polyvinyl alcohol coated‐magnetic nanoparticles as heterogeneous nanocatalyst in Ullmann‐type C–N coupling reactions
Saba Hemmati, Sheida Ahany Kamangar, Mohammad Yousefi, Mirmehdi Hashemi Salehi, Malak Hekmati
Abstract
In this paper, the preparation of a novel magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe 3 O 4 @PVA/CuCl) is described, which involves coating of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) onto the surface of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and its subsequent coordination with CuCl catalyst. The nanocatalyst was characterized by various analytical methods, including Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy, vibrating‐sample magnetometry, and EDX elemental mapping. Moreover, the nanocatalyst was efficiently used in the N‐arylation of amines via the formation of a carbon–nitrogen bond between the aryl halides and amines by Ullmann‐type coupling reactions. The catalyst was sufficiently stable and can be reused for at least seven times in a model Ullmann reaction without remarkable alteration in its catalytic behavior. Heterogeneity of the catalyst was investigated by a hot filtration test.