Dynamic Luminescence of Lead-Doped Calcium Zinc Germanate Clinopyroxene for Multimode Anticounterfeiting
Zishen Yang, Levi D. Spencer, Huixin Zhang, Zachary L. Burmood, Anjaneyulu Putta, Chaoyang Jiang
Abstract
Anticounterfeiting plays an essential role in authenticating genuine documents and combating forged products. To further advance the anticounterfeiting technology, there is a strong demand to design new functional materials with unique properties that will be appropriate for making multimode complex security labels. Recently, dynamic security labels have emerged as a new type of advanced anticounterfeiting method as they can hold a much higher security level than the traditional static ones. In this work, we report that calcium zinc germanate (CZGO) clinopyroxenes doped with lead ions have several interesting optical properties, such as dynamic fluorescence, long persistent luminescence, and photochromism. We find that the concentration of lead dopants can significantly impact the reaction kinetics as well as the crystallinity and luminescence properties of CZGO phosphors. By fully utilizing these unique properties, we have successfully fabricated several security labels with multilevel information encoding and dynamic optical performance. The combination of multimode and dynamic luminescence makes these labels extremely challenging to illegally duplicate. With further optimization, this lead-doped CZGO clinopyroxene can be well-integrated into modern anticounterfeiting techniques that will generate highly secure anticounterfeiting labels to combat fake products.