Intramolecular Photoinduced Energy and Electron Transfer Reactions in Phenanthroimidazole–Boron Dipyromethane Donor–Acceptor Dyads
Swathi Nenavath, Naresh Duvva, Ram R. Kaswan, Gary N. Lim, Francis D’Souza, Lingamallu Giribabu
Abstract
Donor–acceptor systems in which a donor phenanthroimidazole (PhI) is directly connected to a BODIPY acceptor ( Dyad1 ) and separated by an ethynyl bridge between PhI and BODIPY ( Dyad2 ) have been designed, synthesized, and characterized by various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Optical absorption and 1 H NMR characteristics of both dyads with those of constituent individuals suggest that there exists a minimum π–π interaction between phenanthroimidazole and BODIPY. Quenched emission of both the dyads was observed when excited either at phenthaoimidazole absorption maxima or at BODIPY absorption maxima in all three investigated solvents. The detailed spectral analysis provided evidence for an intramolecular photoinduced excitation energy transfer (PEnT) from the singlet excited state of phenanthroimidazole to BODIPY and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the ground state of phenanthroimidazole to BODIPY. Transient absorption studies suggest that charge-separated species (PhI •+ - BODIPY •– ) are generated at a rate constant of (1.16 ± 0.01) × 10 8 s –1 for the dyads Dyad1 and (5.15 ± 0.03) × 10 8 s –1 and for Dyad2 whereas energy transfer rate constants were much higher and were on the order of (1.1 ± 0.02) × 10 10 s –1 and (1.6 ± 0.02) × 10 10 s –1 for Dyad1 and Dyad2, respectively, signifying their usefulness in light energy harvesting applications.