RETRACTED: Nano biosensors: Classification, electrochemistry, nanostructures, and optical properties
Ahmed Mahdi Rheima, Zainab T. Al‐Sharify, Ameen Alwan Mohaimeed, Mustafa Abd Al-Hussein Kazem, Jameel M. Dhabab, Duaa Mohammed Athair, Tomy Muringayil Joseph, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Sabu Thomas, Ehsan Kianfar
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal ( https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal ). This article has been retracted at the request of the Executive Editors. An investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elseviers Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team found phrases that are non-standard derivatives of established technical terms. The authors were requested to explain the use of these passages of text but were unable to do so satisfactorily. Furthermore, concerns regarding plagiarism of Vaghasiya, J.V. et al ( https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-023-00261-4 ) and Ahmed Mahdi Rheima et al. ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103428 ), and like reproduction of multiple figures without proper attribution, were not addressed by the authors. The Executive Editors have now lost confidence in the findings of the article and have determined that it should be retracted. Apologies are offered to readers of the journal that these issues were not detected during the submission process.