3D finger vein biometric authentication with photoacoustic tomography
Ye Zhan, Aditya Singh Rathore, Giovanni Milione, Yuehang Wang, Wenhan Zheng, Wenyao Xu, Jun Xia
Abstract
Biometric authentication is the recognition of human identity via unique anatomical features. The development of novel methods parallels widespread application by consumer devices, law enforcement, and access control. In particular, methods based on finger veins, as compared to face and fingerprints, obviate privacy concerns and degradation due to wear, age, and obscuration. However, they are two-dimensional (2D) and are fundamentally limited by conventional imaging and tissue-light scattering. In this work, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate a method of three-dimensional (3D) finger vein biometric authentication based on photoacoustic tomography. Using a compact photoacoustic tomography setup and a novel recognition algorithm, the advantages of 3D are demonstrated via biometric authentication of index finger vessels with false acceptance, false rejection, and equal error rates <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>1.23</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">%</mml:mi></mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>9.27</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">%</mml:mi></mml:math> , and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>0.13</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">%</mml:mi></mml:math> , respectively, when comparing one finger, a false acceptance <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">v</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math> when comparing multiple fingers, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo><</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">%</mml:mi></mml:math> when rotating fingers <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo>±</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>30</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> .