GeC/SnSe2 van der waals heterostructure: A promising direct Z-scheme photocatalyst for overall water splitting with strong optical absorption, high solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency and superior catalytic activity
Yan Zhang, Jian-Xin Ding, Kang-Xin Xie, Zhi-Bo Qiang, Li Duan, Lei Ni, Jibin Fan
Abstract
To alleviate the energy crisis and achieve green energy conversion, the heterojunctions that can be applied to the photocatalytic decomposition of water have attracted attention. In this paper, we design a novel two-dimensional GeC/SnSe 2 heterostructure and investigate in detail the structural stability , electronic characteristics, photocatalytic activity and optical behavior as well as the effects due to the applied strain based on the first-principles. Firstly, the most stable γ-stacking mode is determined by combining energy comparison, thermodynamic and dynamic studies. Second, the analysis of electronic properties demonstrates that the GeC/SnSe 2 heterostructure exhibits a type-II energy band arrangement and a direct Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism. This pivotal aspect enhances the separation of photogenerated carriers at the interface and facilitates the active participation of the most proficient materials in oxidation-reduction processes during photocatalytic hydrolysis reactions . The hydrolysis reaction's Gibbs free energy shift demonstrates the GeC/SnSe 2 heterostructure's superior photocatalytic activity in neutral and alkaline environments and can spontaneously carry out the overall hydrolysis reaction, and this outstanding ability is not affected by the −4% to 4% strain range. In addition, the GeC/SnSe 2 heterostructure has outstanding solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (58.18%) and excellent light absorption capability (up to 4 × 1 0 5 cm − 1 ) within visible light . The implications of these discoveries point towards the direct Z-scheme GeC/SnSe 2 heterostructure holds promise as an excellent candidate for photocatalytic water splitting applications.