Large and Externally Positioned Ligand-Coated Nanopatches Facilitate the Adhesion-Dependent Regenerative Polarization of Host Macrophages
Sunhong Min, Yoo Sang Jeon, Hyojun Choi, Chandra Khatua, Na Li, Gunhyu Bae, Hee Joon Jung, Yuri Kim, Yuri Kim, Hyunsik Hong, Jeongeun Shin, Min Jun Ko, Han Seok Ko, Taesoon Kim, Jun Hwan Moon, Jae‐Jun Song, Vinayak P. Dravid, Young Keun Kim, Young Keun Kim, Heemin Kang
Abstract
Macrophages can associate with extracellular matrix (ECM) demonstrating nanosequenced cell-adhesive RGD ligand. In this study, we devised barcoded materials composed of RGD-coated gold and RGD-absent iron nanopatches to show various frequencies and position of RGD-coated nanopatches with similar areas of iron and RGD-gold nanopatches that maintain macroscale and nanoscale RGD density invariant. Iron patches were used for substrate coupling. Both large (low frequency) and externally positioned RGD-coated nanopatches stimulated robust attachment in macrophages, compared with small (high frequency) and internally positioned RGD-coated nanopatches, respectively, which mediate their regenerative/anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. The nanobarcodes exhibited stability in vivo. We shed light into designing ligand-engineered nanostructures in an external position to facilitate host cell attachment, thereby eliciting regenerative host responses.