Risk HLA Variants Affect the T-Cell Repertoire in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus has a predominant role in the genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS), with 32 associations found to be involved. We aimed to investigate the impact of MHC MS-risk alleles on T-cell repertoire in patients with MS. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 161 untreated patients with relapsing-remitting MS for whom Class I and II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were inferred from whole-genome genotyping data, and T-cell receptor (TCR) CDR3 sequences were obtained through next-generation sequencing. T-cell repertoire features including diversity, public clones, and architecture were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 5 MS-risk loci associated with TCR diversity: HLA-DRB1*15:01 (7.65 × 10⁻³), rs9271366 (1.96 × 10⁻³), rs766848979 A (1.89 × 10⁻²), rs9277626 (2.95 × 10⁻²), and rs11751659 (1.92 × 10⁻²), with evidence of expanded clonotypes in carriers of risk alleles. Moreover, HLA-DRB1*15:01 (4.99 × 10⁻³), rs9271366 (6.54 × 10⁻³), rs1049079 C (4.37 × 10⁻²), AA DQΒ1 position −5 L (1.05 × 10⁻³), and AA DQΒ1 position 221 Q (9.39 × 10⁻⁴) showed an association with the CDR3 aminoacidic sequence architecture, suggesting an impact on the antigen recognition breadth as well. Evaluating the sharing of clones across MS-risk allele carrier individuals revealed the presence of highly shared clonotypes predicted to target viral antigens, including Epstein-Barr virus. <h3>Discussion</h3> Our study supports the association between MHC-risk alleles and macrofeatures of the T-cell repertoire in the context of MS. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Topics & Concepts